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For the following​ report, identify​ (a) the​ population; (b) the population parameter of​ interest; (c) the sampling​ frame; (d) the​ sample; (e) the sampling​ method, including whether or not randomization was​ employed; and​ (f) any potential sources of bias you can detect and any problems you see in generalizing to the population of interest.
A US consumer magazine asked all adult subscribers whether they had used herbal A medical treatments​ and, if​ so, whether they had benefited from them. For almost all of the​ treatments, approximately 18​% of those responding reported cures or substantial improvement in their condition.

Population:  Unclear, but probably all adults in the country

Population parameter of interest:  The proportion of the population who have used and benefited from herbal medicine

sampling frame: All subscribers to the consumer magazine

sample for the study:  All subscribers who responded to the survey

sampling method: Voluntary response sample

A random sampling method is not used. 

Type of bias in this sampling:

1. Voluntary response​ bias; the subscribers could choose to participate.

2. Undercoverage; non-subscribers are not included in the survey.

 

 

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